Radiation shielding is the practice of protecting humans and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. This can include structures, materials, or devices that are designed to block or absorb radiation, such as lead, concrete, or thick layers of water or soil. Radiation shielding is commonly used in medical settings, nuclear power plants, and space exploration to prevent exposure to harmful levels of radiation. Research in radiation shielding focuses on developing new materials and technologies to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of shielding techniques.